Nhasi uno, makambani akasiyana-siyana emotokari ari kushandisa mabhatiri e lithium zvakanyanya mumabhatiri emagetsi, uye huwandu hwesimba huri kuramba huchiwedzera, asi vanhu vachiri kukanganiswa nekuchengetedzeka kwemabhatiri emagetsi, uye haisi mhinduro yakanaka yekuchengetedzeka kwemabhatiri. Kupisa kwakanyanya ndicho chinhu chikuru chekutsvaga chekuchengetedza mabhatiri emagetsi, uye chakakodzera kutarisa pachiri.
Kutanga, ngatinzwisise kuti chii chinonzi thermal runaway. Thermal runaway chiitiko che chain reaction chinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzeresa kupisa kwakawanda uye magasi anokuvadza anoburitswa nebhatiri mukati menguva pfupi, izvo zvinogona kutoita kuti bhatiri ribatire moto uye riputike muzviitiko zvakakomba. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuitika kwethermal runaway, zvakaita sekunyanya kupisa, kudzvanya zvakanyanya, internal short circuit, kugongana, nezvimwewo. Battery thermal runaway inowanzotanga kubva pakuora kwenegative SEI film mubhatiri cell, ichiteverwa nekuora nekunyunguduka kwe diaphragm, zvichikonzera negative electrode ne electrolyte, ichiteverwa nekuora kwe positive electrode ne electrolyte, nokudaro zvichikonzera internal short circuit yakakura, zvichiita kuti electrolyte itsvuke, iyo yozopararira kune mamwe masero, ichikonzera kupisa kukuru uye ichibvumira bhatiri rese kuti riite kupisa kwega.
Zvikonzero zvekusashanda zvakanaka kwemafuta zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikonzero zvemukati nekunze. Zvikonzero zvemukati zvinowanzokonzerwa neinternal short circuits; zvikonzero zvekunze zvinokonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi, kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemagetsi, kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemafuta, nezvimwewo.
Dunhu pfupi remukati, iro riri kubatana zvakananga pakati pema terminal akanaka neasina kunaka ebhatiri, rinosiyana zvakanyanya muhukuru hwekubatana uye reaction inotevera inokonzereswa. Kazhinji dunhu pfupi remukati guru rinokonzerwa nekushungurudzwa kwemakanika nekupisa rinozokonzera zvakananga kuti kupisa kumhanye. Kusiyana neizvi, dunhu pfupi remukati rinozvigadzira roga diki, uye kupisa kwarinogadzira kudiki zvekuti haritangi nekukurumidza kuti kupisa kumhanye. Kuzvigadzira kwemukati kunowanzo sanganisira zvikanganiso zvekugadzira, kuora kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nekukwegura kwebhatiri, zvakaita sekuwedzera kwekudzivirira kwemukati, depositi ye lithium metal inokonzerwa nekushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwenguva refu, nezvimwewo. Sezvo nguva ichiwanda, njodzi ye dunhu pfupi remukati inokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakadaro zvemukati ichawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemechanical, zvinoreva kuchinja kwe lithium battery monomer ne battery pack pasi pesimba rekunze, uye kutama kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvega. Mafomu makuru anopesana ne electric cell anosanganisira kurovera, kuburitsa uye kuboorwa. Semuenzaniso, chinhu chekunze chakabatwa nemota nekumhanya kwakanyanya chakakonzera kudonha kwe internal diaphragm yebhatiri, izvo zvakakonzera short circuit mukati mebhatiri uye zvakakonzera kupisa kwega mukati menguva pfupi.
Kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemagetsi kwemabhatiri e lithium kunowanzo sanganisira external short circuit, overcharge, over discharge mafomu akati wandei, ayo anogona kukura kuita thermal runaway kuenda overcharge. External short circuit inoitika kana ma conductor maviri ane differential pressure akabatana kunze kwe cell. External shorts muma battery packs anogona kukonzerwa ne deformation inokonzerwa nekurovera kwemotokari, kunyudzwa mumvura, kusvibiswa kwe conductor kana electric shock panguva yekugadzirisa. Kazhinji, kupisa kunoburitswa kubva external short circuit hakupisi bhatiri kusiyana nekuboorwa. Chinobatanidza chakakosha pakati pe external short circuit ne thermal runaway ndiko kupisa kunosvika pakupisa. Ndipo apo kupisa kunogadzirwa ne external short circuit hakugone kunyangarika zvakanaka ndipo tembiricha yebhatiri inokwira uye tembiricha yakakwira inokonzera thermal runaway. Naizvozvo, kudzima short-circuit current kana kubvisa kupisa kwakawandisa inzira dzekudzivirira external short circuit kuti isakonzera kukuvara kwakawanda. Overcharge, nekuda kwekuzara kwayo nesimba, ndeimwe yenjodzi huru dzekushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemagetsi. Kugadzirwa kwekupisa negasi zvinhu zviviri zvakajairika zve overcharge process. Kugadzirwa kwekupisa kunobva mu ohmic heat uye side reactions. Kutanga, lithium dendrites inokura pamusoro peanode nekuda kwekuwanda kwe lithium embedding.
Matanho ekudzivirira kupisa:
Muchikamu chekupisa chinogadzirwa chega kuti tidzivise kuti kupisa kwepakati kudzikame, tine sarudzo mbiri, imwe ndeyekuvandudza nekuvandudza zvinhu zvepakati, kukosha kwekudziya kunonyanya kugadzikana kwezvinhu zvakanaka nezvakaipa zve electrode uye electrolyte. Mune ramangwana, tinofanirawo kuita budiriro yepamusoro mu cathode material coating, kugadzirisa, kuenderana kwe homogeneous electrolyte uye electrode, uye kuvandudza kupisa kwepakati. Kana kusarudza electrolyte ine yakachengeteka zvakanyanya kuti itambe mhedzisiro yemurazvo unodzora moto. Chechipiri, zvakakosha kushandisa mhinduro dzinoshanda dzekutarisira kupisa (PTC Inotonhorera Heater/ PTC Air Heater) kubva kunze kudzvinyirira kukwira kwetembiricha yebhatiri reLi-ion, kuitira kuti firimu reSEI resero risakwire kusvika patembiricha yekunyungudika, uye zvechisikigo, kupisa hakuzoitiki.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-17-2023
